China Stainless steel wire
Reference
1, standard system

 Stainless steel wire Standard based mainly on two major systems:

Germany - France - Russia's system: its features is to see the grades on that component. Chinese stainless steel representation on the method applied to the former Soviet Union, the countries belonging to this system are Italy, Spain, Poland, Romania, the European Union and India.

United States - United Kingdom - Japanese System: It features steel concise, clear, easy to remember, to see grades of steel to know the organizational structure. Belong to this system, countries and regions are Canada, Brazil, Australia, South Africa, Korea and China Taiwan Province.

1.1 Germany - France - Russian Standard System

1.1.1 Germany - France - Russian steel body of the standard system used (Table 2)

Table 2 Germany - France - Russia and the standard system used steel

1.1.2 The Representation of Chinese steel

1Cr18Ni9: 9% average content of nickel, chromium content of 18% of the average carbon content of * 10 percent (or 0.1%).

① grade before the first number is the percentage of carbon content of 10 times. If it is 0 C ≤ 0.08% 00 C ≤ 0.03%

② key element behind the numbers indicate the percentage content of the element. If the element content <1.5% figure is not to write, more than 1.5 less than 2.5 behind the writing element 2.

③ steel Ti, Nb, Al, N and other trace elements to be written.

④ Cutting Steel in steel front of the "Y".

⑤ steel back plus "L" that cold-drawing; add "Q" that light pull; plus "R" said the soft state.

1.1.3 Germany - France - Russia and the elements of the standard system of symbols (Table 3)

Table 3 Germany - France - Russia and the elements of the standard system of symbols
 

1.1.4 Other Help

X said the former German steel high alloy steel.

Z said before the French steel high alloy steel.

1.2 United States - United Kingdom - Japanese Standard System

1.2.1 United States - United Kingdom - Japanese standard system used grades (Table 4)

Table 4 United States - United Kingdom - Japanese standard system commonly used in grade

1.2.2 AISI American Iron and Steel Association, said the method of stainless steel

① composed of stainless steel grades by 3 digits: the first type of steel that, second, third that of steel serial number.

2XX chrome - manganese - nickel series stainless steels

3XX chromium - nickel austenitic steel series

4XX high ferrochrome steel ferritic and martensitic steel

5XX low-chromium martensitic steel

6XX precipitation hardening steel

② AISI was made of metal and alloy grades of uniform provisions:

SXXXXX heat-resistant stainless steel

NXXXXX nickel and nickel-based alloys

JXXXXX all kinds of cast steel

S1XXXX precipitation hardening steel

S2XXXX section of nickel austenitic steels

S3XXXX chromium - nickel austenitic steels

S4XXXX high chromium stainless steel

S5XXXX heat-resistant steel

Grade (UNS system) composed of 5 digits, the top three brands consistent with the original number, the latter used to distinguish the two major components of the same, there are differences between individual components or elements with specific grades.

1.2.3 Other Help

Japanese Grade ago: SUS-special purpose stainless steel

SUH-resistant steel for special purposes

SW-wire orWire

After the Japanese brands:-W:Stainless steel wire

-WP: springsStainless steel wire

-WS: Cold heading withStainless steel wire

-Y: Welding WireStainless steel wire 

South Korean Brand ago: STS-special purpose stainless steel

STR-resistant steel for special purposes

2 Common grade control

As the domestic steel market, Taiwan, South Korea and Japan, a large number of imported products, the south market has been used by the United States - United Kingdom - Japanese brands to choose stainless steel, market must be familiar with and master the United States - United Kingdom - Japanese standard system grades.

2.1 Austenitic Steel

301 1Cr17Ni7 for spring

302 1Cr18Ni9 for spring

302HQ 0Cr18Ni9Cu3 Cold Forging good

303 Y1Cr18Ni9 Precision Shafts

304 0Cr18Ni9 General steel

304M 0Cr18Ni9 Ni 9.0% -10.0% rivets

304H 0Cr18Ni9 C 0.05% -0.08% high-strength

304N 0Cr18Ni9N improve strength

304HC 0Cr18Ni9Cu2 lower magnetic, improve corrosion resistance, as a rivet

304L 00Cr18Ni10

305 1Cr18Ni12 non-magnetic

308 0Cr21Ni12 welding

309 0Cr24Ni13 welding

310 0Cr25Ni20 heat resistance, corrosion resistance, stability, temperature 1100 ℃ using

314 0Cr25Ni20Si2 heat, corrosion resistance, stability, temperature 1150 ℃

316 0Cr17Ni12Mo2 added Mo, the corrosion resistance to chloride ion

Hydrogen sulfide corrosion resistant 316L 00Cr17Ni14Mo2

317 0Cr17Ni13Mo3 resistant body (body) fluid corrosion, used for surgical implants

317L 00Cr19Ni13Mo3

321 0Cr18Ni11Ti stable carbon titanium

347 0Cr18Ni9Nb Nb stable carbon

384 0Cr16Ni18 non-magnetic stainless steel

201 1Cr17Mn6Ni5N Precision Shaft

202 1Cr18Mn8Ni5N spirit of the shaft with

204Cu 1Cr17Mn6Ni5Cu3N Universal Stainless

205 2Cr17Mn15Ni2N high strength

3.2 ferritic steel

Cheaper and better corrosion resistance, good cold upsetting performance.

405 0Cr13 409 0Cr12Ti

410L 00Cr12 429 0Cr15

430 0Cr17 434 1Cr17Mo

430F Y1Cr17 processing finish good, do-axis.

3.3 martensitic steel

Tool industry with:

410 1Cr13

414 1Cr13Ni2

416 Y1Cr13

420J1 2Cr13

420J2 3Cr13

420F Y3Cr13

431 1Cr17Ni2 (2Cr16Ni2) nitric acid-resistant properties of the bearings industry, production, measuring, cutting tools, ball:

440A 7Cr17Mo 440B 8Cr17Mo

440C 9Cr18Mo (11Cr17Mo Europe and the United States steel components)

2.4 Precipitation hardening steel

630 0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb high strength steel

631 0Cr17Ni7Al springs

632 0Cr15Ni7Mo2Al springs

3 countries (regions)Stainless steel wireStandard

3.1 United StatesStainless steel wireStandard

United StatesStainless steel wireMost complete national, 6 ASTM standard austenitic, ferritic, martensitic nearly a hundred different brands. Learn American standards and the use of standard setting in China have some inspiration.

ASTM A580N-95a Stainless steel wire

ASTM A313M-95 Stainless Steel Spring Wire

ASTM A478-95a Chromium - Nickel Stainless Steel Weaving and Knitting Wire

ASTM A493-95 Cold Forging with stainless steel wire and wire rod heat

ASTM A492-95 stainless steel wire rope

ASTM A581-95b-cuttingStainless steel wireAnd wire rod

AWS A5.22-82 chromium and chromium-nickel corrosion resisting steel flux-cored wire

AWS A5.4-84 chromium and chromium-nickel steel electrode corrosion

3.2 China Taiwan ProvinceStainless steel wireStandard

CNS G3067-86 stainless steel rods

Heat-resistant steel bars CNS G3199-88

CNS G3077-86 Stainless steel wire rod

CNS G3076-86 Stainless steel wire

CNS G3189-87 cold upsetting withStainless steel wire

CNS G3190-88 WeldingStainless steel wire

CNS G3161-86 springsStainless steel wire   

3.3 JapanStainless steel wireStandard

JIS G4303-98 stainless steel rods

Heat-resistant steel bar JIS G4311-91

JIS G4309-94 Stainless steel wire

JIS G4314-94 springsStainless steel wire

JIS G4315-94 cold upsetting withStainless steel wire

JIS T6103-94 dentalStainless steel wire

JIS Z3321-89 stainless steel welding electrodes

JIS Z3321-85 stainless steel rods and wire

JIS Z3324-88 stainless steel electrodes and flux applicator

3.4 Other countries and organizationsStainless steel wireStandard

DIN 17224-84 (Germany)

BS 1554-1990 (UK)

P-Г 0CT18143-72 (the former Soviet Union)

NF A35-577-90 (France)

UNI 6901-71 (Italy)

KS D3703-1992 (Korea)

SS 142332 (1991) (Sweden)

NS 14480 (84) (Norway)

IS 6528-72 (India)

CSA G110.3 (Canada)

EN 151 (1986) (EU)

ISO 6931-1-1994 (international standard)

4, our current standard profile

4.1 GB/T1220-92 stainless steel rod

This is a basic standardStainless steel wireThe chemical composition of all of the implementation of the standards. Of which: austenite (A) 33 个 steel ferrite (F) 7 个 steel martensite (M) 18 个 steel dual phase steel (A + F) 3 个 steel

Austenitic steel: a non-magnetic structure, with good workability. Corrosion resistance than 430 and other martensitic steel, better heat resistance. Disadvantages: expensive, difficult to heat deformation, intergranular corrosion and stress corrosion cracking slightly not.

Most of the austenitic steel Cr-Ni composition, such as 304,316,1 Cr18Ni9Ti.

18-8 steel when Ni <8% when the ferrite, nickel content of low-to a certain time becomes A + F dual-phase steel. Ferrite is magnetic, 100% austenite is not magnetic. 1Cr18Ni9Ti in the nickel content of 8%, the ferrite content of 5% -15%. To reduce the magnetic properties of 304M steel in nickel content of 9% -10%. Ferrite content dropped to 2% -3%.

Ferritic steel: 430 (0Cr17) is a typical ferritic steel. Better heat resistance, cheap, cold (cold upsetting with a) better performance. Grain coarsening at high temperatures is irreversible, improper heat treatment, cold steel performance deteriorated.

Martensitic steel: Can quenching, tempering hardening and strength increase, wear. But the poor corrosion resistance.

Standard on the mechanical properties of each steel were to provide some data, based on the data used to select the steel.

Standards evolution: YB1059 → GB1220-75 → GB1220-84 → GB/T1220-92

4.2 GB/T1221-92 heat-resistant steel bars

Martensitic valve steel 4Cr9Si2, 4Cr10Si2Mo, 8Cr20Si2Ni

Austenitic valve steel 5Cr21Mn9Ni4N (21-4N), 2Cr21Ni12N

Standards evolution: YB11-59 → GB1221-75 → GB1221-84 → GB/T1221-92

4.3 GB/T4240-93 Stainless steel wire

4.3.1 delivery of cold-drawn state (L)

Austenite: 316 (0Cr17Ni12Mo), 304 (0Cr18Ni9), 302 (1Cr18Ni9), 304N (0Cr19N)

Rapid cold hardening of these steels, high strength, flexibility and somewhat less for the structural, load-bearing frame, pin, shaft and the like. Martensitic steel cold drawn not to the state of delivery.

4.3.2 Tension light delivery (Q)

Austenitic steel, ferritic, martensitic steel delivery can pull the state. Strength and toughness, material shape and tidy, for the processing of raw materials, production of flat, shaped wire, axial wire, tie wire, woven mesh, rivets, nails, framework.

4.3.3 Soft state of delivery (R)

Stainless steels, ferritic, martensitic steel can be soft-state delivery. Soft state finished plastic wire is good, good flexibility, good corrosion resistance. Drawback is the low intensity.

A - solution treatment F, M - annealing delivery

PolishStainless steel wireStandard provides strength to allow 10% fluctuation.

Soft-state strength after straightening up 8% -10%.

Tension straightening of cold intensity decreased with the reduction rate decrease is related to a large reduction rate (strength) is much lower. Little change in tensile strength of light.

Cutting wire: soft state, or cold-drawn state delivery, mainly for the production of electrical and household appliances timer shaft, a shaft system, a good finish, good dimensional accuracy.

Standard evolutionary process: YB252-64 → YB252-79 → GB4240 → 84 → GB/T4240-93

4.4 GB/T4232-93 cold upsetting withStainless steel wire

NL1Cr18Ni9Ti and ML1Cr17Ni2 old steel, used mainly in military units. 304M, 304HC (maximum amount), 302HQ (Hexagon with) is the new steel, the South Factory widely adopted standard. 316 produced a good rivet corrosion resistance. Production of non-magnetic rivet 305.

ML1Cr18Ni9Ti required resistance to intergranular corrosion, should control the chemical composition of Ti / C ≥ 5.5. The wire is difficult to produce, mainly occur pitting, intergranular corrosion substandard size instability.

ML1Cr17Ni2 drawback is that the crack surface easily.

New steel: 304HC (0Cr18Ni9Cu2), 302HQ (ML0Cr18Ni9Cu3)

304M → 304HC → 302HQ → 305 → 384

Weak magnetic field weakening → → → non-magnetic non-magnetic non-magnetic → absolute

Price: Low → high workability: poor → good

Standards evolution: GB4232-84 → GB/T4232-93

4.5 GJB 3320-98 and YB (T) 11-83 stainless steel spring wire

4.5.1 GJB 3320-98 0Cr17Ni7Al A unit is equivalent to using U.S. military standard MIL-W-4460788. B group established by reference to DIN 17224. A group Φ2.0-3.0mm high strength, B group Φ0.2-7.0mm low intensity.

4.5.2 1Cr18Ni9 equivalent British Airways used the standard BS-S205

4.5.3 YB (T) 11-83 SpringsStainless steel wireEquivalent with JIS 314, this standard and national military standard of chemical composition are different, such as military standard requires ESR smelting of steel in C, P, S element is controlled strictly, but YB (T) 11 - 83 may be applied electric furnace steel, and steel in nickel, chromium may be slightly higher.

GJB714-89 is the Ministry of Industry, Dalian Steel Plant and the joint development of weaponsStainless steel wireWhen set, available GJB3320-98 to replace.

4.6 YB/5091-93 and YB/T5092-96 stainless steel wire

YB/5091-93 and YB/T5092-96 in GB 1300-77 based on the reference to JIS Z3321 and JIS Z3221 developed. YB/5091-93 "inert gas welding of stainless steel rod and wire" (the original GB 4233-84), including A 11 个, F 1 个, M 1 个. Steel Bar Specifications Φ1.0-5.0mm, wire specifications Φ0.8-2.4mm, is a strong sense of standards in advance.

YB/T5092-96 "WeldingStainless steel wire"China's actual use is the general situation and the international integrated set, the standard contains A 16 个, F 2 个, M 3 个.

Standards evolution: YB 199-63 → GB 1300-77 → GB 4242-84 → YB/T5092-93 → YB/T5092-96.

On the stainless steel wire, from the domestic and international standards, product standards and production methods in China and abroad were significantly different. General provisions of foreign product standards to conduct wire solderability test, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of weld testing, our wire is no standard requirements in this regard. Mostly foreign manufactures supply wire, welding wire production factory also produces various flux, while engaged in welding technology in the supply of welding rod, it is also reasonable to provide the welding process. China's wire production, welding and welding technology for the production of three separate systems, without a stable among the coordinating body, is very unfavorable to the progress of welding technology.

4.7 Other standards

YB/T096-1997 Carbon ChromeStainless steel wire: Contains 440A, 440B, 440C, 9Cr18 and 9Cr18Mo five high-carbon chromium martensitic steel, annealed delivery σb630-830MPa.

YB/T5219-93 medical suture needle wire: steel 3Cr13, 4Cr13, actual size Φ0.22-2.05mm, heat delivery σb490-685MPa, light pull delivery σb ≤ 885MPa.

Standards evolution: YB 549-65 → GB 10563-89 → YB/T5219-93.

YB/T5183-93 shaped steel car body accessories: windshield wipers with 1Cr18Ni9 dome-shaped steel wire, cold drawn σb1080-1275MPa.

Standards evolution: GB8708-88 → YB/T5183-93.

GB/T4234-94 stainless steel surgical implants include: rod, wire, plate, with a total of three steel (00Cr18Ni13Mo3, 00Cr18Ni14Mo3, 00Cr18Ni15Mo3N), examination of microstructure, hardness, inclusions, corrosion resistance.

Standards evolution: GB 4234-84 → GB/T4234-94.

GB/T9944-88Stainless steel wireRope: rope breaking force the entire examination, both agreement and tensile strength steel grades.

YB/T5250-93 vacuum device with a non-magnetic stainless steel, including hot-rolled bars and 0Cr16Ni14 standard flat wood, cold-rolled strip and wire, wire to Hard or soft state delivery, standard range Φ0.1-18.0mm The main magnetic rate of the public Examination μ100, μ200 ≤ 1.005Gs/Oe, remanence Br1000 ≤ 0.15Gs.

Standards evolution: GBn189-82 → YB/5250-93

5, several views

(A) with two stainless steel rods (wire rod) criteria, fourStainless steel wireStandard pillarStainless steel wireSystem has been built successfully, but the content of the six criteria need to coordinate, update, enabling it to adapt to domestic production and use status, but also with the world trend.

① rod standards: domestic production should be based on the size of the actual range, deviation, single, delivery status, grade it etc. to make the necessary adjustments.

②Stainless steel wire(GB/T4240): delivery status of items can increase the matte, bright, polished, nickel-plated state, 304 to refine the introduction of 200-series grades.

③ cold steel roof: an increase in domestic general trademark 304M, 304HC, 429,434, etc., magnetic properties and different levels of cold-top performance assessment criteria should be listed.

④ spring: to achieve the series, melting ways to diversify. Added to the 200 series grades.

⑤ Wire: AMR standard spool wire wrapped around delivery, the same electrode with GB/T9803-1995 increase the welding performance test, such as welding technology to provide reference.

(2) According to ChinaStainless steel wireProduction and use of level of development, in a timely manner to formulate professional standards, such as: screen, textileStainless steel wire, Precision shaft, rolling withStainless steel wire, Stainless steel fine wire, free cuttingStainless steel wire, Medical devicesStainless steel wireGuideStainless steel wireUse the right direction.

Appendix:

wire mesh

stainless stell wire